How is Shigella spp. commonly transmitted?

Shigella spp. is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food. This bacterium is highly infectious, and even a small amount can cause gastrointestinal illness. Contaminated water sources, such as rivers, lakes, or improperly treated municipal water, can serve as a vehicle for the bacteria, particularly in regions with poor sanitation infrastructure. Foods can become contaminated through handling by infected individuals or by contact with contaminated water during washing or food preparation processes.

While contact with infected livestock, contaminated kitchen surfaces, and consuming undercooked meat can lead to the transmission of other pathogens, Shigella specifically thrives in fecal-oral transmission routes linked to contaminated food or water, making the first choice the accurate representation of its common transmission method.